Social Debunking of Misinformation on WhatsApp: The Case for Strong and In-group Ties

In this paper, we argue that WhatsApp can play an important role in correcting misinformation. We show how specific affordances (flexibility format and audience selection) existing social capital (prevalence of strong ties; homophily political groups) be leveraged to maximize the re-sharing debunking messages, such as those accessed by users via ChatBots Tip-Lines. Debunking messages received audio files generated more interest were effective beliefs than text- or image-based messages. addition, found clear evidence re-share debunks at higher rates when they them from people close (strong ties), individuals who generally agree with politically (in-group members), both conditions are met. suggest leverages our findings fact-checks already circulating on platform using network, unlocking potential for reach a larger WhatsApp.